Born August 31, 1901 in Dietz, Wyoming
Married to Violette Grace Egbert on June 22, 1921
Died: May 8, 1943 in Sheridan Wyoming
Children: John Kuzara, George Paul Kuzara and June Kuzara
Father: George Kuzara
Mother: Sophia Mendryk
Andrew was the third of seven sons born to George and Sophia Kuzara on August 31, 1901 in Dietz, Wyoming. Very little is known about his childhood. From 1907 until 1913, he finished grades 1 through 7 in Dietz, Wyoming. When the family moved to Roundup, Montana in 1914, he completed the 8th and 9th grade there. In 1917, Andrew went to work in the mines around Windham, Montana with his brothers Walter and John. In 1918 when the family moved back to Dietz, Wyoming, he worked in the mine at Carneyville until 1920---his older brothers Walter and John were in the army, serving in France. In 1920 he married Violette Grace Egbert and moved to Lewistown, Montana where he worked in a grocery store.
Sometime prior to their first son John's birth, Andrew and Violette moved to Lewiston, Montana. Vi's father John Egbert was living in Lewiston--running the shoe department of the Stevens-Frieberger store. They moved there with no job, but Andrew found one right away in the grocery store as head of the meat department. He hand-cut all the meat, including slicing by hand all the bacon. He knew how to do this because of his experience as his father's helper. ("Andrew always was Dad's favorite," said his sister, Mary.) He was still working there in 1922 when his first son John was born.

Andrew did a very good job at the meat market and drew the notice of a promoter for a new line of products called Richelieu Foods. The manager of a store in Kennewick, Washington had contracted TB in his leg and needed an assistant desperately. They put their Model T Ford up on blocks in a local garage and moved to Kennewick. The manager of the store there loved Andrew, and wanted to make him a partner.
Vi says, "we were alone you know, just John and I, when George was born (April 23, 1924)...Andrew had run down the road to summon the doctor." There was probably a lot of disagreement between Violette and Andrew about their staying in Kennewick to make their fortune.

In 1925 or 26, Andrew moved his family to Dearborn, Michigan. His brother John was working for the Ford Motor Co and must have written glowing letters to Andrew about the benefits of working for Ford. That would explain how he ended up as a sheet metal worker on the production line, building the Ford Tri-motor Airplane. 1928 was the beginning of the slide into the Depression. Andrew was laid off at the Ford plant and the family moved back to Dietz, Wyoming. There they moved into one of his father's houses in Kuzaraville, and Andrew began working at the Star Mine for his father George.
During the 1930's, Andrew's father George ran some cattle on the surface of the coal land, and also acquired some land of his own in the vicinity, in the area referred to as the Beatty Gulch area. The raising of cattle was actually his first love but he never could afford to go into the cattle business, yet he accumulated a herd of about 75 head. The selling of the mine to his son Andrew came at a time when he was advancing in years, and during the time Andrew had assisted him with the operation of the mine for all those years. In 1935, Andrew purchased the Star Mine from his father George, and operated the mine until the fall of 1942 when economic conditions forced the closing of the mine. The coal it produced for so many years was no longer the fuel of choice for heating the homes and factories of a changing world. The Star Mine supplied the fuel needs of the area for some fifteen years. Not only did the mine furnish employment during those years when jobs were hard to find, but also during the Depression when there were fewer still jobs to be found. The mine was a steady source of employment to as many as 35 persons of the community for some fifteen years.
By 1935, Andrew's two sons had grown enough to help with chores around the outside along with their mother's sister Zona Egbert, who was the office clerk, and Andrew's brother Mike who had worked there off and on for some time.

Some newspaper articles of the day:
11/20/30--"Natural Gas Comes to Sheridan"
It is noted that announcements of the introduction of natural gas to home and industry users are becoming more and more frequent and while many potential users are resisting its installation due to their faithfulness to the coal industry even though they may no longer be dependent upon their income from that source as they have gone to other employment, nevertheless some installations were gradually being installed, replacing the traditional coal fired ranges and heaters.

1933--The National Recovery Act (NRA)
Under the NRA, the United States government more or less took control of the coal industry with the formation of the Bituminous Coal commission. Among other things, it recommended a minimum wage scale to be paid to coal miners of $5.42 per day. The labor unions adopted this base scale of pay, enforcing it at whatever facility they were organizing. Under the NRA, the Unions, with the power given them under this Act carried on a concentrated program of union organization at all the mines.

11/1/33--"Wagon Miners May Join Union." "Effort Being Made Here to Enroll All Coal Mines"
George Lambert, Vice-President of the United Mine Workers of America has been successful in forming a new local at the Storm King and the Black Diamond Mines west of Sheridan. Attempts also being made to organize the Star Coal Co and Custer Coal Co north of Sheridan. The National Recovery Act is making possible the enforcement of organized labor with its minimum union wage scale as required by NRA.

11/2/33--A display advertisement in the Sheridan Press announced to the public that wages have been raised and the number of hours reduced to conform with NRA requirements. That ad was signed by Victor Eccli, Bob Fanto and R.F. Hotchkiss as representatives of the NRA.

2/26/36--"J.E. Lee Killed in Auto Mishap on Icy Curve Near Wheatland." Man Prominent Here and Over the State is Victim."
"General Manager of Sheridan Wyoming Coal Co, Age 47; Also President of the Wyoming Taxpayers League on Business Trip for his Company--" (Andrew Kuzara of the Star Coal Mine of Sheridan also a member of the Coal Commission Committee along with Lee was to have accompanied Lee to the Denver meeting but was unable to make the trip. The two had previously traveled together on several occasions attending coal commission meetings).

12/15/37--"15 Coal Producers in County Taxed by U.S. Gov't. under the Bituminous Coal Commission Act. One percent per ton fee assessed on all coal sold."

It's not difficult to guess why Andrew closed the mine in 1942. In 1930, natural gas came to Sheridan. Coal was used for both cooking and heating in the homes. Coal cook stoves were slow to heat up and too hot in the summer. They were dirty and needed constant attention. The stoves were either too hot or not hot enough. For heating a room, it was slow. Natural gas was guick, clean and easy to use. The change-over was expensive, but coal furnaces could be converted to gas. Gas ranges replaced the heavy cast iron coal stove for cooking. Since it was costly, the best coal customers were the first to install gas.  Their numbers decreased each year, leaving a group of coal users less capable of paying their coal bills. This created a shrinking market for coal.
In 1933, Roosevelt's New Deal included the National Recovery Act. The US Government in effect took control of the coal industry by establishing the Bituminous Coal Commission which raised miner's wages, reduced work hours, fixed the minimum price for coal, and gave the miners the power to strike. In 1933 the Star Mine was unionized and complied with the NRA regulations. In 1937, the U.S. Gov't levied a 1% tax on all coal production, forcing the mine owners to finance their own destruction--ironic!
In 1942, the advent of World War II and the draft of young men created a shortage of miners. War industries lured workers to production plants around the country with high wages. By the fall of 1942 it was impossible to continue operating the Star Mine--high wages--government controls--labor shortages--shrinking demand for coal--all combined to create an impossible situation without hope of improvement--the end!! All this was devastating to the Star Coal--potent medicine that killed the patient.

The National Recovery Act (NRA) was enacted into law June 16, 1933. It was the formation of legally enforceable codes designed to shorten hours, raise wages, and end unfair business practices. The Act also guaranteed labor's right to organize and bargain collectively. All citizens were urged to boycott businesses operating without the NRA's Blue Eagle emblem. In all, 541 industrial codes were approved.

It failed however, to bring recovery. The NRA faced massive criticism from small businesses and consumer representatives. On May 27, 1935 in Schechter v. United States, The US Supreme Court held that the NRA's codes system was an unconstitutional delegation of legislative power to the executive branch and to private groups, and an unconstitutional attempt to do what could not be done under the power to regulate interstate commerce.

On January 1, 1936, the National Recovery Act was abolished.
The NRA was gone but the changes initiated by the law were in effect and the harmful impact on small businesses remained. There was no way to ease the consequences or go back to "the way it was". The illegal changes were permanent.

The grocery store in this picture (taken in July, 1992) has been at that location on North Main Street in Sheridan for over 50 years. In 1938, Andrew established a grocery store there, trying to find a life and livelihood away from the mine. All of the family members worked in his store, while Andrew continued to operate the mine---working in the store when not at the mine. Sadly, his attempt to break away from the mine proved to be unsuccessful. The effects of the depression and inadequate capital could not be erased by the long hours and the hard work.
Letter from Andrew in Culver City, California, May 1, 1943:

My Dear Kids:
Your letter came the other day which I was happy to receive. I wasn't going to answer it until I got home but just a minute ago a special delivery letter came from John, enclosed also was a letter from Norma [Kuzara, his daughter-in-law] so I thought it best to answer now.

I haven't been able to get out to see very much here at Culver City on account of Mike working so much. He is missing a shift today so that he can show me some of the sights. I think this part of California is beautiful and interesting. I went by several of the studios, big expensive things. The Hal Roach studio has been taken over by the army airforce.

I guess I'm a little thick headed to get the full meaning of your letter Norma that you wrote to mom. I believe I get the general meaning although I'm going to go over it when I get home with Mom. Nevertheless I'm going to give you a father's view point at least this father's view point which I know will differ from let's say maybe the average father's. What ever has been done or happened naturally is water under the bridge, we can or should all profit by past happenings. I can look back and see that maybe I've been harsh with my family, friends and employees but the work I had, the contracts and the conditions I was confronted with were hard and bitter most of the time. Well it would take a strong character to be human. As George knows I wasn't raised to develop such a character although God only knows I've tried to do the right thing all the time. I only had eight years of school so I find it hard to put feelings into words. I've always worked long hours and a good deal of the time tried to make as good a living as possible. I never wanted any praise or sympathy or to have anybody cry on my shoulder. But I believe most fathers at least this one wanted only appreciation for what he tried to do for his family but the appreciation seemed to be too distant. I never was able to save any money for security or to have some of the things we all like to have for the sake of the family. I know some think, "it's a father's duty", yes that is true but doesn't everyone have duties? I've had some raw deals handed me by my loved ones and by friends but underneath it all I've tried to be square. In my business I had a lot to contend with perhaps more than was on the surface and after the time came I knew it was best to close at all costs. We've spent way beyond our means for several years but I tried to not show it and give my family an enjoyable life whenever possible. After putting in days like I have had to you can't feel much like romping with the children or going out or smiling and laughing, but I did as often as I could. I've forgiven loved ones and people many times. We all have our lives to live and should try to get the most out of them in enjoyment but not in trying to be mean to each other, rather in trying to help each other. Of course I'd like to help out on a watch for you George and hope to do so.

This trip to California why? Well lets be frank then. I know what I'll say will probably seem silly nevertheless these things happen. Through our struggle in married life it seems as though I was too busy making a living for my family to take my wife for anything but for granted. We got irritable like people will and just simply decided that a vacation would be good for both of us. Many people feel the same way. That is why this trip.
I honestly believe we have the finest children and daughters-in-law one could ask for and all we have to do is to find the right way to enjoy each other. I hope you both will try to understand us a little better.
I'm only going to be here a day or so, so write me at home.
Lovingly,
Your Dad

In a letter postmarked May 7, 1943:

Addressed to: Pvt. George P. Kuzara--97th College Training Detachment class MS7---Stevens Point, Wisconcin. Return Address: 4122 Grand View Road, Culver City, California. Postmarked from California.

A folded letter on one side read: John, George and June Kuzara

An inside fold read: To My Dear Sweet Children

The letter: My Dear John, George and June - 
I regret to have to bring such a tragic thing into your good sweet lives.
I tried to make up with your good sweet mother and would have made her most happy if I was given the opportunity.

Please forgive me but I could not endure it mentally no longer.

Carry on, be good soldiers and may God bless you and take care of you.

Your Loving Dad
Andrew

On May 8, 1943, Andrew Kuzara took his life.  He shot himself in the head in the bathroom of a boarding house.

He is deeply missed.

George, Andrew's son writes:
October 10, 1999 -- 5:15 am
I finished reading all of Andrew's page--noting corrections and changes. I hadn't read the two letters from my father for many years and there they were on the computer screen. I was able to see, read and understand what he was saying, to me, more clearly than I had ever been able to before. As I read, the tears flowed and I thought of how much he missed--how much he would have enjoyed the life that could have been and how much I missed by not having him around to share my good times and bad times--that life brings so easily--I can't see the keys anymore------